Client manager jobs in Ashton-under-LyneCrear alertas

Client Services Manager Your new company Hays are recruiting for a permanent Client Services Manager to lead and inspire a high-performing client services team. This pivotal role ensures exceptional service delivery across multiple channels, balancing immediate business needs with long-term capability development. You will combine strategic leadership, operational excellence, and stakeholder collaboration to drive outstanding client outcomes. This role is based in Manchester city centre. Your new role We are partnering with a leading UK business undergoing significant growth and transformation. As part of its expanding pensions and retirement portfolio, the organisation is seeking an exceptional SIPP Client Services Leader to elevate standards, strengthen operations, and build a centre of excellence within its Manchester hub.This is a newly created leadership role, positioned to have significant influence across operations, client experience, and the future evolution of the SIPP proposition.You will: • Provide clear, influential leadership to multi‑disciplinary SIPP teams., • Build a high‑performance culture grounded in accountability, inclusion, and continuous improvement., • Develop leaders and specialists, strengthening capability and confidence across the function., • Drive standards across all SIPP processes, ensuring consistency, resilience, and regulatory compliance., • Optimise and modernise workflows, leveraging automation and technology to enhance efficiency and client experience., • Oversee KPIs, SLAs, and resource planning, ensuring teams can scale effectively with demand., • Act as a key escalation point for complex or sensitive SIPP enquiries., • Partner with Technology, Risk, Compliance, Oversight, and Product teams to enhance journeys and shape the evolving SIPP proposition., • Use data insights to inform decisions, identify trends, and influence retirement operations' strategy., • A high‑calibre people leader with experience, uplifting performance and driving cultural transformation., • Strong background in SIPP operations, pensions administration, and the UK regulatory landscape., • Experience within platform environments or high‑growth financial services operations., • Exceptional communication skills with the ability to simplify complexity and steer teams with clarity., • A track record of leading through change and embedding best‑practice operational standards., • Industry qualifications (e.g., CII, PMI) welcomed.What you'll need to succeed, • Significant leadership experience within a financial services contact centre or operational environment., • Strong knowledge of financial services and regulatory requirements; investment product knowledge is desirable., • Proven ability to coach, develop, and lead teams to success., • Skilled in designing and executing business plans that improve performance and client outcomes., • Excellent communication and stakeholder management skills., • Strong organisational and prioritisation abilities, with experience managing multiple initiatives. 4734403

AML/KYC/Prevention Manager, Vice President At BNY, our culture allows us to run our company better and enables employees growth and success. As a leading global financial services company at the heart of the global financial system, we influence nearly 20% of the worlds investible assets. Every day, our teams harness cutting-edge AI and breakthrough technologies to collaborate with clients, drivin... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Vice President, Loan Operations Lead Manager Position Servicing At BNY, our culture allows us to run our company better and enables employees growth and success. As a leading global financial services company at the heart of the global financial system, we influence nearly 20% of the worlds investible assets. Every day, our teams harness cutting-edge AI and breakthrough technologies to collab... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Project Manager - Industrial Projects.Sector: Industrial Services / Heavy Engineering.This is not a paper-pushing Project Manager role.This is for someone who knows how to own complex industrial projects, manage risk, and deliver safely in high-pressure environments.Our client is a well-established

Job Title: BIM Manager Salary: £45,000 - £50,000 Location: Manchester Our client is an established Manchester-based architectural practice with a strong focus the healthcare sector. Known for their collaborative approach and commitment to design quality, they work across all project stages from concept through to completion, maintaining close partnerships with clients, contractors, and consultants ... ZIPC1_UKTJ

We are working with our client, a dynamic architectural practice based in Central Manchester, who are seeking a BIM Manager to lead the development, coordination, and governance of BIM across the practice. This is a fantastic opportunity to work on exciting projects from early concept through to construction and handover, predominantly in the healthcare sector. Previous healthcare experience is no... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Tax Specialists Taylor Rose Recruitment are working with a progressive firm of Chartered Accountants in Manchester who are recruiting for a Private Client Tax Manager to join their team. An ideal opportunity for a CTA Qualified individual looking to advance their career in an advisory focused role with an excellent work/ life balance. The successful individual will be working with/ managing an impre... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Location: Midlands/North of England Salary: £75,000.00 + car allowance + commission Summary: Our client is a leading global logistics and supply chain partner, offering tailored, value-driven solutions across multiple transport modes and industry sectors. They are seeking an ambitious and commercially driven Business Development Manager to support and accelerate the growth strategy in the UK. Th... ZIPC1_UKTJ

AhighlyreputableandsuccessfulfirmofcharteredaccountantsbasedinOldhamissearchingforaSeniorClientManager/ClientManagertojointheirteamasakeyadditioninamixedaccounts/taxandwiderservicesupportroletothemanagerial/partnergroupwithopportunitytocarveaninfluentialrolewithaprogressionandcareerpathonoffer. ClientDetails BasedinOldham,thiswellestablishedandsuccessfulfirmactsforverywiderangingclientsacrossvarying... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Business Manager - Stockport Prestige Franchised Motor Dealership Our client is looking to recruit a highly experienced and qualified Business Manager to join their Used Car team. They are looking for someone who is driven to take on this position with passion and enthusiasm Job Role: To maximise sales opportunities for the dealership by offering finance solutions & add on products to customers and t... ZIPC1_UKTJ

A leading independant North West Accountancy Firm are looking for an Audit Manager to join their growing team in Manchester, paying a salary of £55,000 - £65,000 dependant upon experience. As a well-established audit manager, you will lead and deliver audit assignments across a varied client portfolio. This firm specialises across varying sectors that includes public sector entities (e.g. NFPs, edu... * * ZIPC1_UKTJ

Registered Children's Home Manager | Manchester| Full Time | £50,000 – £60,000 DOE + Bonus Scheme Our client provides therapeutic residential care for children and young people aged 11–17 with emotional and behavioural difficulties. They are seeking an experienced Registered Children's Home Manager to take full responsibility for the day-to-day management of a regulated children's home, ensuring hig... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Civils Contract Manager Permanent salary +package North West My client is a regional civil engineering sub-contractor, that are experience a significant period of growth. Due to winning positions on a number of frameworks they are looking to strengthen their teams with a Contract Manager. The contract manager will be highly experienced in civils, groundworks, drainage, kerbing. They will have expe... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Our client, a well-established electrical contractor, is seeking an experienced High Voltage Contracts Manager to develop and lead a new High Voltage profit centre within an existing business unit. This is a senior leadership role with full responsibility for operational delivery, commercial performance, business development and people strategy. You will take ownership of growing a sustainable pipe... ZIPC1_UKTJ

Our client is a leading global logistics and supply chain partner, offering tailored, value-driven solutions across multiple transport modes and industry sectors. They are seeking an ambitious and commercially driven Business Development Manager to support and accelerate the growth strategy in the U

Due to continued growth, they are seeking an experienced Contracts Manager with a strong background in civils and remediation to join their team. As Contracts xwzovoh Manager, you will take overall responsibility for the successful delivery of multiple c. Our client is a well-established and growing

As a Gas Designer you will play a key role in the design process, from site surveys through to the production of detailed drawings, while developing your technical expertise and working closely with experienced engineers and project teams. • Monitor leading industry practices, recommend new design approaches, and identify upcoming trends., • Develop high-quality concepts, working with team on iterations and design, actively seek feedback from Creative and Business stakeholders, • Working on all design phases of projects, including project set-up, programming, design, and CDM documentation, • Requesting & reviewing STAT plans, • Providing technical design support to other members of the design team., • Collaborate with both internal design team, client design team and external consultants to execute creative projects, • Responding to and resolving issues with external parties such as the client, third party organisations & sub-contractors, • Producing a weekly design report & presenting information to the Design Manager during the weekly design output meeting., • Complete regular site visits and surveys to gather information for detailed designs & as-laid drawings., • Represent the company and arrange pre-design and walk off meetings with the client., • Ensure compliance with CDM 2015 throughout the design process., • Produce and make ongoing updates to the H&S file throughout various stages of the project ensuring that it is up to date and available at the end of the project., • Create high-quality detailed technical drawings, plans and general arrangements., • Work alongside the Framework Manager / Project Manager/ Operations Manager/ Design Manager to ensure all schemes are designed within budget and within the time constraints set by the client., • Assist with design queries during construction from the onsite team., • Take designs through the clients G17 governance process., • Travel across to sites across the UK may be required for tender events and in progress design reviews., • Engineering qualifications desirable however good experience would be considered., • Experience of working in the gas industry on designing high-profile projects, • Understanding and knowledge of relevant Engineering specifications that apply to the gas industry (IGEM standards), • Knowledge and Awareness of CDM 2015, • Proficient user of AutoCAD, • Competent in Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, • Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, • Ability to work as part of a team and to organise your workload across multiple projects, • Willingness to mentor and support less experienced colleagues We offer a competitive salary based on experience along with a full benefits package. Network Plus is proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer. We celebrate diversity and do not discriminate based on race, religion, colour, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, age, veteran status, disability status, or any other applicable characteristics protected by law. We are Armed Forces-friendly. We welcome applications from ex-Armed Forces personnel, reservists, armed forces veterans, cadet instructors and military spouses/partners. We understand that privacy and the security of your personal information is extremely important. By applying for this role, you agree to the terms of our privacy policy. Network Plus is an award-winning business delivering essential utility and infrastructure services for the UK’s major providers of gas, power, telecoms, transport, water, and wastewater. We value the variety of experience, perspective, and other points of difference our workforce, clients, and supply chain offer. We are actively working with colleagues across the Network Plus Group to develop an inclusive environment – we want all our employees to feel valued and included to enable everyone to thrive at work and understand the value of their contribution matters no matter their background, identity, or circumstances.

We're seeking a Regional Design Team Manager to lead our internal design resources and ensure high-quality outputs, primarily on water based infrastructure and projects. Is your CV ready If so, and you are confident this is the role for you, make sure to apply asap. You'll manage multidisciplinary teams, oversee technical governance, and drive continuous improvement in design delivery. From pre-contract mobilisation xwzovoh to project completion, you'll ensure designs meet client expectations, regula...

Job Title: BIM Manager Maximise your chances of a successful application to this job by ensuring your CV and skills are a good match. Salary: £45,000 - £50,000 Location: Manchester Our client is an established Manchester-based architectural practice with a strong focus the healthcare sector. Known for their collaborative approach and commitment to design quality, they work across all project stages from concept through xwzovoh to completion, maintaining close partnerships with clients, contractors, and consultants ...

Are you a passionate and experienced Registered Manager looking for a new challenge? Our client is seeking a dedicated individual to lead a medium-sized residential home in Greater Manchester.

Our client, one of the leading developers in Manchester, is looking for a Block Manager.

MERITUS are recruiting for a Business Development Manager to join our client in the Sheet Metal Fabrication and Precision Engineering industry to support growth across a variety of sectors. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER - £35,000 PER ANNUM (UP TO £75,000 OTE) - STOCKPORT, UK - FAST MOVING PROCE. Ca

Join one of the UK's most rapidly expanding agencies as a Senior Property Manager, overseeing a stunning portfolio of properties and helpdeliver exceptional service. Our client, driven by exciting partnerships within the luxury living space, is looking for a Senior Property Manager to take ownership

Ideas | People | Trust We’re BDO. An accountancy and business advisory firm, providing the advice and solutions businesses need to navigate today’s changing world. We’ll broaden your horizons Our Advisory team provide a wide variety of services that deliver value-led advice and outcomes. They have an in-depth knowledge of business, industry sectors and markets and understand the constantly changing risks and opportunities at the heart of our clients’ affairs. The team work across strategy, operations and improvement as well as at a transactional and defined project level. From technology to risk advisory, they’re experts in following through on top-level instructions and resolving the finer details – all in one straight-forward package. When you join them, you’ll work on some of the world's most exciting financial operations and business deals, building your experience and expertise alongside the brightest minds in the industry. We’ll help you succeed Join us as a Senior Manager in our Business Restructuring team, where your focus will be primarily on proactively managing advisory assignments. You'll manage complex client engagements, whilst supporting junior colleagues to ensure they grow and succeed. Alongside this you will continue to develop your existing relevant technical and accountancy knowledge through on-the-job experience and a variety of training opportunities. In addition, there are a range of opportunities to become involved in business development initiatives. This role is responsible to a designated director or partner on specific cases and ultimately to a dedicated people manager. The Business Restructuring team works on a wide variety of dynamic projects and the candidate will receive exposure to a large number of assignments. This is an exciting opportunity for anyone looking for a constant variety of unique challenges. What We’re Looking For: • Relevant professional qualification (ICAEW/ACCA, and an insolvency qualification is a plus but not essential)., • A demonstrable track record at Manager/Senior Manager level., • Strong working knowledge of Excel, PowerPoint., • Excellent written and numerical skills., • Good organisational skills to manage your time effectively., • Willingness to learn and embrace new challenges., • Self-motivated and enthusiastic team player. We’re in it together Mutual support and respect is one of BDO’s core values and we’re proud of our distinctive, people-centred culture. From informal success conversations to formal mentoring and coaching, we’ll support you at every stage in your career, whatever your personal and professional needs. Our agile working framework helps us stay connected, bringing teams together where and when it counts so they can share ideas and help one another. At BDO, you’ll always have access to the people and resources you need to do your best work. We know that collaboration is the key to creating value for the companies we work with and satisfying experiences for our colleagues, so we’ve invested in state-of-the-art collaboration spaces in our offices. BDO’s people represent a wealth of knowledge and expertise, and we’ll encourage you to build your network, work alongside others, and share your skills and experiences. With a range of multidisciplinary events and dedicated resources, you’ll never stop learning at BDO. We’re looking forward to the future At BDO, we help entrepreneurial businesses to succeed, fuelling the UK economy. Our success is powered by our people, which is why we’re always finding new ways to invest in you. Across the UK thousands of unique minds continue to come together to help companies we work with to achieve their ambitions We’ve got a clear purpose, and we’re confident in our future, because we’re adapting and evolving to build on our strengths, ensuring we continue to find the right combination of global reach, integrity and expertise. We shape the future together with openness and clarity, because we believe in empowering people to think creatively about how we can do things better. #LI-RW1 #TJ-RW1

We now have an exciting opportunity for a Freight Forwarding Business Development Manager working for a worldwide freight forwarding company with the scope to cover the whole of the UK with your client base.If you would like to know a bit more about this opportunity, or are considering applying, the

This Financial Planning Manager job provides opportunity to join a national independent financial planning firm, that is continuing to grow through organic growth and acquiring IFA client banks.

Our client is seeking a Project Risk Manager to join their expanding Controls & Performance team. The business has seen rapid growth and is delivering a range of major energy transition and natural resource projects across the UK. Make sure to apply quickly in order to maximise your chances of being considered for an interview Read the complete job description below. You'll work closely with project delivery teams, helping to identify, assess, and xwzovoh manage risk across high-profile programmes. This is an excellent opportunity to join a...

Job Role: Engineering Manager Make sure to apply quickly in order to maximise your chances of being considered for an interview Read the complete job description below. Location: Greater Manchester Salary: £75,000 - £95,000 (dependent on experience) About the Role: Our client is seeking an experienced and proactive Engineering Manager to lead and coordinate the technical delivery of water and wastewater projects across a variety of programmes and frameworks. xwzovoh You will work closely with project and programme leads to ensure technical gover...

Purpose of the Role: To drive a positive, innovative and evolving health and safety culture across all sites providing support and guidance to all employees relating to health, safety and environmental management. This role involves continual personal development to maintain professional standing, learning, and understanding of regulations and legislation. (Although there will be a lot of administration involved, the HSEQ team will need to work on this together to continually record and monitor trends, remain abreast of current legislation, find, and implement opportunities for improvement across all aspects of the company). Key Responsibilities: • Assisting with regular site audits., • Continually reviewing and updating the safe systems of work in accordance with site requirements and legislation changes., • Recording, reviewing, monitoring documents within the Health, Safety & Environmental & library of documents including further development and the maintenance of our current management systems., • Supporting and monitoring site teams in developing and implementing controls to reduce the risk of injury, damage and ill health., • Recording and investigating HS&E incidents including accidents and near misses, witness interview notes, analysing root causes together with the wider HS&E team and management teams and producing relevant corrective and preventative action plans., • Raising non-conformance and behavioural issues to the Senior HS&E Officer in a timely manner and continually monitoring for trends., • Helping to develop and implement the company health and wellbeing programme., • Supporting the wider team in realising safety training needs and sourcing courses., • Liaising with Clients and Subcontractors for receipt, reviewing and recording of mandatory documents., • Completing competency checks., • Attending client H&S meetings and seminars., • Producing reports inline with Alpine requirements., • Working with employees to close out non-conformances and implementing opportunities for improvement., • Carrying out ad hoc D&A testing at site level., • Assisting in recording, completing and scheduling pre-qualification questionnaires., • Assisting the HSEQ team in collating and recording evidence for third party audits in line with ISO 45001, 14001 and 9001 accreditations., • Completing annual SSIP questionnaires., • Reviewing and developing our current communications library (TBT, bulletins, Site Coms etc) N.B: The above is not exhaustive and this role is very much in development stage as the company continues to grow. Skills, Knowledge & Experience: • Excellent knowledge of HS&E UK legislation and regulations., • At least 3 years of experience within a CDM safety environment., • Knowledge and experience with working at height from mobile elevated work platforms., • Experience in completing SSIP questionnaires., • Good IT skills showing proficiency in different systems and platforms., • A full, clean UK driving licence is essential for this role. Person Specification: • Able to work on their own and within a wider team showing initiative and forward thinking., • An affective and clear communicator at all levels both verbally and written., • Collaborative and friendly personality. Performance Measures • Performance KPI’s with regular 121 sessions with the Senior HS&E Officer and HSEQ Manager.

M&E Manager – Water MEICA Manchester | Permanent This is an opportunity to work for one of the UK's Leading Contractors on Multi Million Pound Water projects across the Manchester Region! This is a long-term, stable opportunity within a business known for high-quality delivery, strong safety culture, and promoting from within. The Role As the M&E Manager, you will manage the M&E Team providing a personable approach as well as inspiring your team. You will be accountable for the Portfolio Delivery strategy including framework subcontractor arrangements and procurement strategies concerning Water projects within the Manchester region. Ensuring that technical governance is carried through procurement, installation, commissioning, and handover of portfolio projects. Collaboration within the wider functions of the business – design / estimating / civils / commercial to support overall effective delivery and continuous improvement. Key Responsibilities Managing the delivery of MEICA requirements, including Cost / Programme / Quality / HSE performance, and the required resource management / technical governance through to Contract completion. Interface with Projects Contracts Managers to ensure efficient delivery across Portfolio. Interface with the Clients Project and Operational teams. Undertake Monthly Project Reviews and Reporting (with Portfolio PMs) Relevant KPIs for portfolio sites. Development of portfolio specific delivery strategies. Organising constructability reviews and challenge for portfolio projects. What We’re Looking For Proven experience in Water civil engineering projects Strong background in MEICA Management What’s On Offer Salary of £85,000 to £90,000 per annum Company car or Car Allowance Annual Bonus scheme (10%) 5% Matched pension scheme Long-term framework work with progression onto future projects Interviews taking place over the next 2 weeks The client is keen to appoint quickly. Apply now or message for a confidential discussion

Job Title: Performance Test Engineer (6 month FTC) Sector: Test consultancy specialising in financial services Essential Skills: Performance testing using JMeter Location: Primarily remote with c1 day per month in the consultancy office in Berkshire & client visits when requested Salary: £50,000/annum + benefits Start Date: We require someone to start ASAP Saffron QA is the recruitment partner to a successful and expanding software testing consultancy. The organisation has a reputation for providing high calibre software testing services within the financial services sector. We are in the market for a Performance Test Engineer with previous experience of designing and developing performance testing solutions and have sound knowledge/experience of either JMeter or Gatling. You will be working across a range of financial services and AI based projects The ideal candidate will be keen to progress their career in a consulting environment, where they can contribute to multiple projects, using a range of tools and technologies. You will be responsible for supporting the consultancy on test automation proof of concepts as well as presenting and demoing solutions to clients. We are looking for a candidate with the following experience; • Experience of Performance testing using JMeter and designing performance testing solutions., • Good Java programming skills., • Experience of a performance monitoring tool., • Participate in the continuous improvement of the Quality Engineering process, including the implementation of best practices and strategies., • Create and maintain code and documentation for project work., • Provide regular status updates and reports on testing progress to the Test Manager and stakeholders. This position is being offered on a fixed term contract basis for an initial 6-month period and offers a salary of up to £50,000/annum. This is an immediate vacancy and we need someone available to start ASAP. *Must hold British passport or ILR due to background checking process. No Visa sponsorship available.

If youre interested in roles such as Insurance Consultant, Client Services Advisor, Insurance Specialist, Policy Advisor, or Insurance Account Manager, this Insurance Advisor position could be the perfect fit for you. Are you passionate about making insurance simple and accessible? Our client is loo

Design Manager – Roofing & Cladding Salary £50,000 – £65,000 per annum (dependent on experience) Working Arrangement Full-time, office-based (Oldham) with flexible working hours Overview Our client is a specialist contractor within the roofing and cladding sector, deliv

Site Manager to cover work in the North West area. My client offers excellent scope for progression for those managers interested in advancement although a good time served No.

Our client is seeking a dynamic and proactive Corporate Tax Senior Manager to join their high-performing tax team based in Manchester. Expertise in handling tax investigations and providing solutions to diverse business tax issues. Corporate Tax Senior Manager - Manchester.

An advisory focused role you will be working closely with your client base supporting on projects such as succession planning, exit strategies, property tax, transactional work, inheritance tax, R&D reliefs and share schemes to name a few. Mixed Tax Advisory Manager Manchester £50,000 - £60,00

An exciting opportunity has arisen for a Project Manager / Contracts Manager to join our client in Failsworth, Manchester.The client is an interior fit out contractor who have a long and successful tradition of delivering high quality retail fit out projects across the UK.The Project Manager will be

We're looking for a talented transport supervisor to work for our client in Leigh. The Role: As the transport supervisor you'll report to the Transport Manager and will be primarily responsible for work in a team and work well under pressure and in new environments on a daily basis. We are

Aluminium Window & Door Technical Manager Location: Stockport - Salary: £55,000-£60,000 + package Are you an experienced technical professional with a passion for aluminium windows and doors? Our client, a leading provider of high-quality aluminium fenestration solutions, is seeking a

Our client is a market-leading accountancy, advisory, and tax firm headquartered in Manchester, with an additional office in Liverpool. The role as OMB Tax Advisor is open to technically strong Seniors, Assistant Manager, Managers, and Senior Managers. The role is full advisory in report format.

Account Manager Location – West Manchester Salary: Up to £30,000 Axon Moore are currently partnering with a leading Logistics business based in Trafford Park, looking to appoint a Account Manager , you will be responsible for managing key client accounts, ensuring excellent custom

Our client are seeking a skilled Digital Campaign Manager to lead and enhance marketing efforts for a specific product range within an established company. Description The key responsibilities for the Digital Campaign Manager - B2B role will include: Develop and implement effective brand marketing

We are working with our client, a dynamic architectural practice based in Central Manchester, who are seeking a BIM Manager to lead the development, coordination, and governance of BIM across the practice. Revit, Navisworks, ACC/BIM 360 or similar). Previous healthcare experience is not essential -

Private Client Manager (Compliance) - Manchester£55,000 - £65,000Exciting Opportunity in Personal Tax ComplianceAre you ready to take your career in personal tax to the next level? Our client is seeking a dedicated and experienced Private Client Tax Assurance/Compliance Manager to join their Leeds

Role Overview As Programme Manager, you will take ownership of programme-level leadership for Oracle ERP initiatives, ensuring alignment between Oracle solution design, target operating model, and organisational readiness. Programme Manager - Oracle ERP We are supporting a strategic client on a la

Key Project Account Manager Location: Dukinfield, UK Advertised by: WF Tech (on behalf of a leading aerospace manufacturing client) WF Tech is recruiting a Key Project Account Manager for a well-established aerospace manufacturing business based in Dukinfield. The Role As Key Project Account Man

The primary role of the H&S Advisor is to ensure the Water Framework projects and business are compliant with legislation and company/framework procedures, and to support the Health & Safety, Environment & Quality Manager and building positive relationships with client and Enterprise leadership team

Account Manager Location: Oldham, OL4 Working Hours: Monday – Friday, 7.Flexible start time between 8:30am – 9:15am Salary: £32,000 + Bonus About the Company Our client is a well-established, people-focused business specialising in bespoke retail display, interior solutions,